Enhancing the employability of fashion students through the use of 3D CAD

The textile and apparel industry has one of the longest and most intricate supply chains within manufacturing. Advancement in technology has facilitated its globalisation, enabling companies to span geographical borders. This has led to new methods of communication using electronic data formats. Throughout the latter part of the 20th Century, 2D CAD technology established itself as an invaluable tool within design and product development. More recently 3D virtual simulation software has made small but significant steps within this market. The technological revolution has opened significant opportunities for those forward thinking companies that are beginning to utilise 3D software. This advanced technology requires designers with unique skill sets. This paper investigates the skills required by fashion graduates from an industry perspective. To reflect current industrial working practices, it is essential for educational establishments to incorporate technologies that will enhance the employability of graduates. This study developed an adapted action research model based on the work of Kurt Lewin, which reviewed the learning and teaching of 3D CAD within higher education. It encompassed the selection of 3D CAD software development, analysis of industry requirements, and the implementation of 3D CAD into the learning and teaching of a selection of fashion students over a three year period. Six interviews were undertaken with industrial design and product development specialists to determine: current working practices, opinions of virtual 3D software and graduate skill requirements. It was found that the companies had similar working practices independent of the software utilised within their product development process. The companies which employed 3D CAD software considered further developments were required before the technology could be fully integrated. Further to this it was concluded that it was beneficial for graduates to be furnished with knowledge of emerging technologies which reflect industry and enhance their employability skills

Christopher Logue, Alexander Pope, and the Making of War Music

This is the final version. Available from Oxford University Press (OUP) via the DOI in this record.Between 1959 and 2011, the English poet Christopher Logue published a series of poems based on Homer’s Iliad, to which he eventually gave the collective title War Music. These are radical recastings of Homer’s epic (Logue resisted the term ‘translation’ and referred to them as ‘accounts’) and they seem at first sight to constitute a violent rejection of an earlier tradition of translation. One especially unusual aspect of Logue’s creative process was the way he pieced War Music together from a wide variety of sources, often physically incorporating fragments of earlier texts into his manuscript. This essay offers a sketch of Logue’s working methods, drawing on unpublished archival materials in order to stress the diversity of his sources (which encompassed both canonical literary texts and printed ephemera). I argue that one major influence on Logue’s approach to translation was the example of Alexander Pope, whose translation of the Iliad (1715–20) Logue knew intimately; Pope, like Logue, incorporated fragments of earlier literature into his translation. Having established the similarity in their working methods, I show (by reference to Logue’s annotated copy of Pope’s Iliad) that Logue was acutely aware of Pope’s particular approach to translation.British Academ

Explaining Violation Traces with Finite State Natural Language Generation Models

An essential element of any verification technique is that of identifying and communicating to the user, system behaviour which leads to a deviation from the expected behaviour. Such behaviours are typically made available as long traces of system actions which would benefit from a natural language explanation of the trace and especially in the context of business logic level specifications. In this paper we present a natural language generation model which can be used to explain such traces. A key idea is that the explanation language is a CNL that is, formally speaking, regular language susceptible transformations that can be expressed with finite state machinery. At the same time it admits various forms of abstraction and simplification which contribute to the naturalness of explanations that are communicated to the user

A note on protection and the processing of primary commodities

It is well known that "escalated" tariff structures in more developed countries (MDCs) serve to inhibit the ability of less developed countries (LDCs) to process their own primary commodities for export. What has not received attention, however, and what is demonstrated here, is that tariff structures of the LDCs, themselves, may add an additional bias against such processing activities. So reform of protection systems in both groups of countries is important to the success of industrialisation in LDCs. The terms of trade implications are noted as a possible explanation of the UNCTAD emphasis on trade preferences in MDC markets rather than on LDC tariff-reform. However, it is noted that LDC tariff reform would tend to remove a bias against trade among LDCs and that this mitigates the terms of trade argument. Finally, this also provides a new argument for trade preferences among LDCs

Protection and employment: a macroeconomic approach

A Macroeconomic growth model is set forth to distinguish among Keynesian, Marxian and balance of payments constrained unemployment, as well as to clarify the roles of productivity growth, factor substitution and structural disequilibrium in affecting the growth of employment. The model is then used to assess the effects on employment of the typical kind of protection system found in less developed countries. Protection of this sort is found to be inimical to the growth of employment because of adverse influences on productivity, factor proportions, saving and the balance of payments

Tax reform and industrialization policy: a comment on recent development in Kenya

This paper examines the relationship between current tax reforms - introduction of the Sales Tax, and abolition of G.P.T. and some consumption taxes - and reform of the industrial protection system. The arguments for industrial protection are briefly outlined and the need for reforming the the Kenyan system is discussed. It is concluded that the tax reform is likely to have a beneficial effect on employment and will reduce inequities in the tax system. The effect on the protection system will be neutral with some exceptions. For protection reform the further step of some sort of export subsidy is necessary, with liberalization of the import licensing system

The role of protection in industrialisation policy

Protection of domestic industry by means of restricting imports has been widely employed as a means of promoting industrialisation. Experience among less developed countries has shown that, while this often produces a short "exuberant" period of rapid industrial growth, it is likely to lead eventually to chronic balance of payments difficulties and other constraints on growth that inhibit sustained progress in industrialisation. This is partly because of the biases in the system of protection that inevitably govern when it originates as a response to a balance of payments problem. Even deliberately planned protection for industrialisation, however, is likely to fail if it takes the form of import restriction. The traditional arguments for such protection (infant industry, et. al.) have virtuallv no economic merit - not that the market failures they identify are not real enough, but because the remedy is inappropriate and costly. A more rational protection system would avoid the biases of traditional protection against exports, against backward linkage, against employment, and against the processing of domestic raw products. At the same time it would correct the market failures that inhibit successful industrialisation in less developed countries. The most important of these market failures stem from factor price disequilibrium, infant industry cases, terms of trade effects and the interdependence of investment decisions. Such a more rational system could be based on a combination of a uniform tariff, a domestic value added tax system, and direct subsidies. It would be not only self-financing, but also far easier to administer than any existing set of industrilisation policies

Bubbles in graphene - a computational study

Strain-induced deformations in graphene are predicted to give rise to large pseudomagnetic fields. We examine theoretically the case of gas-inflated bubbles to determine whether signatures of such fields are present in the local density of states. Sharp-edged bubbles are found to induce Friedel-type oscillations which can envelope pseudo-Landau level features in certain regions of the bubble. However, bubbles which minimise interference effects are also unsuitable for pseudo-Landau level formation due to more spatially varying field profiles.Comment: Submitted to Edison1

Scaling Symmetries of Scatterers of Classical Zero-Point Radiation

Classical radiation equilibrium (the blackbody problem) is investigated by the use of an analogy. Scaling symmetries are noted for systems of classical charged particles moving in circular orbits in central potentials V(r)=-k/r^n when the particles are held in uniform circular motion against radiative collapse by a circularly polarized incident plane wave. Only in the case of a Coulomb potential n=1 with fixed charge e is there a unique scale-invariant spectrum of radiation versus frequency (analogous to zero-point radiation) obtained from the stable scattering arrangement. These results suggest that non-electromagnetic potentials are not appropriate for discussions of classical radiation equilibrium.Comment: 13 page